目的:探讨1500 m速度滑冰和自行车全力运动的能量供应特征差异.方法:招募11名速度滑冰运动员,分别参加1500 m速度滑冰和自行车全力运动测试.使用便携式心肺功能测试仪和血乳酸测试仪测量和分析测试过程中、测试后6 min的气体代谢以及测试前、后的血乳酸值,通过磷酸-乳酸-氧气法计算三大能源系统的能量供应量和比例.结果:1500 m速度滑冰和自行车全力运动累积摄氧量(5.52±0.99 L vs 5.94±0.75 L,P=0.043,ES=0.481)、运动后过量氧耗快速恢复部分(2.07±0.67 L vs 1.52±0.86 L,P=0.029,ES=0.746)存在显著性差异.两种运动方式在糖酵解系统供能比例上没有表现出显著性差异,但速度滑冰运动磷酸原系统供能比例大于自行车运动(21.36%±4.12%vs 15.39%±5.89%,P=0.010,ES=1.211),有氧氧化系统供能比例小于自行车运动(52.31%±5.45%vs 57.13%±5.12%,P=0.016,ES=0.913).结论:1500 m速度滑冰和自行车全力运动能量供应特征不同,表明运动方式可能是影响有氧供能比例的一个因素.今后应根据各项目的能量供应特征制定训练计划,中距离速滑运动员在非冰期以自行车运动为主要训练手段时应加强爆发力训练.
Objective To explore the differences in energy contribution between 1500 m speed skat-ing and cycling maximal exercise.Methods Eleven professional skaters took the tests of 1500 m speed skating and cycling maximal exercise,respectively.A portable gas analyzer and a blood lactate analyz-er were used to measure and assess the gas metabolism during and 6 minutes after the tests,along with the blood lactate level before and after them.The energy contribution and contribution rates were calculated by using the phosphoric acid-lactic acid-oxygen method.Results There were significant dif-ferences between the two tests in the average accumulated oxygen uptake(5.52±0.99 L vs 5.94±0.75 L,P=0.043,ES=0.481)and the rapid recovery of oxygen uptake after exercise(2.07±0.67 L vs 1.52±0.86 L,P=0.029,ES=0.746).However,no significant differences were found in the rela-tive anaerobic lactic contribution between the two different exercises.Moreover,the relative anaerobic alactic contribution of speed skating was significantly greater than cycling(21.36%±4.12%vs 15.39%±5.89%,P=0.010,ES=1.211),while the relative aerobic contribution was significantly lower than the latter(52.31%±5.45%vs 57.13%±5.12%,P=0.016,ES=0.913).Conclusions The energy contri-bution of 1500 m speed skating is different from the cycling maximal exercise,indicating that the rel-ative aerobic contribution differs among different exercises.Therefore,future training plans should be tailored to the specific energy contribution characteristics of each sport and speed skaters should strengthen their explosive training when taking cycling as the main training method in non-ice periods.