为了探索冬马铃薯水肥一体化的优化施肥方案,在膜下滴灌条件下,以陆良县多年多点早春马铃薯"3414"试验确定的推荐施肥量为基础,设置5个施肥处理进行田间小区试验,研究了不同施肥处理对冬马铃薯生长和产量的影响.结果表明:在膜下滴灌及肥料相同用量条件下,与常规施肥处理(T1)相比,采用滴灌施肥的T2、T3、T4和T5处理马铃薯生育期提前、出苗率高、长势好、单株结薯数和单株薯重高,增产增效明显.其中以配方肥70%做基肥+苗期滴单质肥料15%+现蕾期滴单质肥料15%和配方肥50%做基肥+苗期滴水溶肥25%+现蕾期滴水溶肥25%处理效果最好,比常规施肥处理出苗率提高了1.5%~4.7%、单株结薯数增加了0.7个以上、单株薯重显著增加了33.6~47.3 g、商品薯率提高了0.2%~0.5%,同时在产量上与常规施肥处理之间有极显著差异,分别显著增产10.7%和9.3%,增效15.6%和9.7%.在实际生产中,可以优先选择应用这两种施肥方式.
In order to explore the optimum fertilization scheme of winter potato with water and fertilizer integration, under the condition of mulched drip irrigation, based on the recommended fertilizer application amount, which is determined through early spring potato "3414"tests for several years in Luliang county, 5 treatments are set to conduct a field experiment, in which the effects of different fertilization treatments on growth and yield of winter potato are studied. The results show that under the condition of mulched drip irrigation and the same fertilizer application amount, compared with conventional fertilization (T1), the drip fertilization treatments of T2, T3, T4 and T5 have earlier potato growing period, higher germination rate, better growth, higher tuber number and tuber weight per plant, and better yield. Two fertilization ways show the best effect. One is that 70% fertilizer as base fertilizer with 30% drip fertilizer at seedling stage and budding stage;the other is that 50% fertilizer as base fertilizer with 50% drip fertilizer at seedling stage and budding stage ( water soluble fertilizer ) . Compared with conventional fertilization, the usage of this two new fertilization ways can enhance the germination rate by 1.5% to 4.7%, the number of tubers per plant is increased by more than 0.7, the tuber weight per plant is increased by 33.6 to 47.3g, the rate of marketable potato is increased by 0.2% to 0.5%, the yields under the two fertilization ways are increased by 10.7% and 9.3%, respectively, and the efficiency are increased by 15. 6% and 9. 7%, respectively. The two fertilization ways can be popularized in practical production of winter potato.