随着联盟实践从西方扩散到非西方国家,联盟概念与理论的跨文化解读以及史与论的双重辩证分析将是大势所趋.印度在"印太"地区多边军事合作日益活跃,学界对印度是否背离不结盟或成立军事同盟的争论日益增多.马克思主义方法论在史论结合的研究中可发挥抽丝剥茧的功能,重述联盟概念演化和理论史,有益于中国的外交思辨.对联盟理论和战略自主研究议程进行梳理后,发现随着国际互动局势日趋复杂,国家间联盟实践呈现术语多样化和内涵模糊化两个特征,学术界对"结盟—不结盟""成本—收益""安全—自主""群内自主—群外自主"四类的二分法需予以批判.从螺旋式发展阶段、价值驱动、地缘政治考量三方面,考察印度准联盟外交战略自主空间后发现,印度将不结盟原则与准联盟外交结合具有其独特的思想和历史渊源.继而聚焦"四方安全对话",发现正是因为传统联盟理论在历史进程中被不断证伪以及不结盟原则在外交实践中的局限,为印度准联盟外交的尝试提供了充分性和必要性.为确保战略自主,莫迪政府准联盟外交秉持程度有限性、合作多向性和议题扩散性,通过以海制陆和协美制华两大战略手段活跃于"印太"地区,并与其他准盟友在战略文化和具体利益方面存在分歧.
As alliance practices spread from the West to non-Western countries,cross-cultural interpretations of alliance concepts and theories,as well as a dual dialectical analysis of history and theory,will be the prevailing trend.As India is increasingly active in multilateral military cooperation in the"Indo-Pacific"region,there are multiple arguments among academic communities about whether India has deviated from non-alignment principle or set about establishing military alliance.Marxist methodology can play a dissecting role in the study of historical and theoretical combinations,reinterpreting the evolution of alliance concepts and theoretical history,which is beneficial for China's diplomatic contemplation.The paper first provides an overview of alliance theory and the research plan on strategic autonomy.It finds that as the international dynamics become increasingly complex,inter-state alliance practices exhibit two characteristics:a diversification of terminology and a blurring of connotations.It also summarizes the scholarly critiques of four dichotomies:alliance—non-alliance,costs—benefits,security—autonomy,and in-group autonomy—out-group autonomy.Furthermore,from three perspectives including the spiral development stage,value-driven factors,and geopolitical considerations,it examines India's quasi-alliance diplomatic strategy's autonomous space and reveals that India's combination of non-alignment principles with quasi-alliance diplomacy has its unique intellectual and historical roots.Then,the paper takes as a case to verify that it is because the traditional alliance theory and practice have been continuously falsified in the historical process and the limitation of the non-alignment principle in diplomatic practice that the multi-alignment diplomacy attempt of the Modi government is both sufficient and necessary.To ensure strategic autonomy,the Modi government's quasi-alliance diplomacy adheres to the principle of limited degree,multi-directional cooperation and diffuse issues.It actively engages in the"Indo-Pacific"region through two major strategic approaches:maritime dominance over land and cooperation with the United States against China,leading to differences with other quasi-allies in terms of strategic culture and specific interests