目的 通过分析广东地区抗核抗体(antinuclear antibody,ANA)受试者滴度及核型阳性检出情况,探讨ANA阳性人群的临床特征,便于为广东地区人群的健康管理提供科学依据,为潜在的自身免疫性疾病(autoimmune diseases,AID)患者提供早期健康指导和参考.方法 回顾性分析2021年4月至2023年7月广东地区22家医院通过间接免疫荧光法(indirect immunofluorescence,IIF)常规检测ANA的患者23 771例,统计ANA滴度、核型阳性检出率及性别、年龄特征.结果 23 771例ANA检测患者阳性检出率为14.21%(3 378/23 771),随年龄增大ANA阳性患者数量呈递增趋势,60岁以上ANA阳性有1 440例(42.63%)人数最多.不同年龄段ANA阳性检出率女性均高于男性.滴度以1:80抗体低滴度为主,有2 662例(78.81%),高滴度1∶1 000与1∶1 280阳性率均较低,其中颗粒型阳性检出2 288例(67.73%)最高,60岁以上有879例(46.31%)人数最多,但男女颗粒型阳性率差距随着年龄增加逐渐缩短.结论 广东地区女性ANA阳性检出率较高,其中1:80颗粒型最多,提示患有系统性红斑狼疮、混合性结缔组织病、干燥综合征或多发性肌炎等疾病有较大的风险,尤其是绝经后的中老年女性,同时60岁以上的男性也应多留意发生免疫疾病的风险.
Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of ANA-positive individuals,by analyzing the titers of ANA and the positive detection of nuclear patterns in subjects from Guangdong;providing scientific basis for health management of the Guangdong population and offers early health guidance and reference for potential patients with autoimmune diseases(AID).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 23 771 patients from 22 hospitals in Guangdong who underwent routine ANA testing using indirect immunofluorescence(IIF)from April 2021 to July 2023.ANA titers,positive detection rates of nuclear patterns,and demographic characteristics such as gender and age were sta-tistically analyzed.Results The positive detection rate of ANA in the 23 771 tested patients was 14.21%(3 378/23 771).The number of ANA-positive patients increased with age,with the highest number(1 440 cases,42.63%)occurring in individuals aged 60 and above.The ANA-positive detection rates for females were higher than those for males in different age groups.The majority of cases had low titers of 1:80 antibodies(2 662 cases,78.81%),while the positive rates for high titers of 1∶1 000 and 1∶1 280 were relatively low.Granular pattern positivity was the most common(2 288 cases,67.73%),with the highest occurrence(879 cases,46.31%)in individuals aged 60 and above.Howev-er,the gender gap in granular pattern positivity gradually narrowed with increasing age.Conclusion The high prevalence of ANA positivity,especially with a granular pattern at 1:80 titer,in females in the Guangdong region suggests a signifi-cant risk of diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),mixed connective tissue disease(MCTD),Sj?gren's syndrome(SS),or polymyositis(PM).This risk is particularly noteworthy in postmenopausal middle-aged and elderly women.Men aged 60 and above should also be vigilant about the risk of developing immune-related diseases.