国锦是以中国地方品种串枝红为母本、国外育成品种金太阳为父本人工杂交选育而成的中熟杏新品种.果实椭圆形,平均单果质量112.0 g,大果质量138.2 g;果顶平或微凹,梗洼浅而广,缝合线中深;果皮底色橙色,果实盖色红色;果肉橙色,硬溶质,风味浓郁、酸甜适中,品质上;可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)为13.6%,可溶性糖含量为9.4%,可滴定酸含量为1.3%,维生素C含量为6.4 mg·100 g-1,硬度为2.0 kg·cm-2,常温下可贮藏5~7 d.在辽宁省熊岳地区4月上旬开花,6月下旬果实成熟,果实发育期75d左右.以短果枝结果为主,萌芽率55.7%,成枝力弱.中抗细菌性穿孔病和流胶病,抗寒性强.适宜在辽宁以南的全国杏产区栽培,早期丰产性好,4年生树进入盛果期,每666.7 m2产量可达2398 kg,连续丰产能力强.
Guojin is a new mid-maturing red apricot cultivar bred from a cross of Chuanzhihong×Sun-gold at Liaoning Institute of Pomology.Through artificial hybridization,370 hybrid seeds were ob-tained in July,2002 and 102 seedlings were planted in next spring.It was initially selected in 2007 for its fruit size and appearance.The botanical characteristics,biological characteristics,main economic traits of the fruits,adaptability,and resistance were observed at four sites from 2014 to 2018.It was granted the new variety right by the National Forestry and Grassland Administration in 2021.The tree of Guojin had a medium vigor and an open tree gesture.The young branches were glabrous,brown-red in color.The leaves were green in color,elliptic,mucronate,and dentate.The flower buds were pink and the petals are white.The fruits were uniform with an attractive appearance,it was oblate in shape with 90%red coloring.The average fruit was 112.0 g,the largest fruit was 138.2 g.The flesh was orange with medium amount of juice,fine texture and aroma.The stone adherence to flesh was free and kernel flavor was bitter.The soluble solids,titratable acidity,soluble sugar,ascorbic acid content were 13.6%,9.4%,1.3%,6.4 mg·100 g-1,respectively.The firmness was 2.1 kg·cm-2.The quality was good.The fruits could be stored for about 5 to 7 days in room temperature or about 20 days under 4℃.In Xiongyue(122.15°E,40.18°N)and its surrounding region of Liaoning Province,the flower buds burst-ed in early March,the blooming stage was early April and could last about 5 days,the fruit develop-ment period was 75 d and it matures in the end of July.The leaves fall begined in the end of October and the growth phase was approximately 200 days.Guojin mainly beared fruits on the short and cluster branches.The buds burst rate was 55.7%and hadweak branching ability.It had midde resistance to bac-terial perforation disease and gum flow disease,and strong cold resistance.The average yield of 4-year-old trees was 2398 kg per 666.7 m2.It could be cultivated in apricot producing areas in the south of Lia-oning Province.The trees should be planted in sandy soil with pH value of 6.5-7.5 and the good drain-age conditions.The planting density would be 2 m×4 m.The suitable pollinizer cultivars for it would in-clude Kate,Sungold and Huaxianjiexing.The fruit setting rate was very high,fruit thinning should be necessary and the distance between fruits should be 15 cm.