Background: Literature reveals that paediatricians' knowledge of child oral health is poor. Many children with significant medical or developmental conditions are under the care of a paediatrician. These children are considered to be at higher risk of developing dental caries and periodontal disease. Therefore, paediatricians, if they have appropriate knowledge and understanding, are well placed to identify oral health problems in these children and refer them for specialist dental care if required, in a timely manner. Study Aims: To investigate if paediatricians including trainees in Yorkshire and the Humber consider oral health examination and advice in their general assessment of their patients and to explore their level of knowledge of children's oral health. Study Design and Method: The study was designed as sequential quantitative and qualitative mixed methods of an identical sample of paediatricians working in Yorkshire and the Humber. Participants took part in answering the questionnaire over three separate study days with three different groups of trainee paediatricians. The study days were part of their child public health module in the paediatric specialty training programme in Yorkshire and the Humber region in England. The first group (original pilot group) included trainees from Levels 1 and 2(ST1-2); the second group involved trainees from Levels 4 and 5(ST4-5); and the last group were senior trainees from Levels 6 to 8 (SPR 6-8). A baseline questionnaire with questions linked to a power point presentation of some common oral conditions in children was completed by the participants to assess their knowledge on child oral health. They were given time to answer each question. Once the questionnaire was completed and collected from all participants, it was immediately followed up with the same power point presentation with additional information and discussion delivered by the principal investigator (SM). At the end of each meeting, all participants received another paper copy of the same questionnaire but with all answers and information. In addition to that, a recorded video of the same power point presentation was available via a link ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xQFXXLq4z04). This was provided in the information handout for anyone to access for watching and/or sharing at a later time. This link is also uploaded on the YouTube channel of the University of Leeds School of Dentistry. Furthermore, some useful online resources of evidence-based knowledge and guidelines of preventive oral health care for children were provided in the information handout as well. Data Analysis: A mixed method explanatory sequential design was conducted in this study. Firstly, quantitative analysis was utilised for all data elicited from the four sections of the questionnaires (simple descriptive statistics). Secondly, qualitative analysis was applied for data extracted from open ended questions in section III and section IV of the questionnaire (qualitative content analysis). The two phases of quantitative and qualitative analysis were performed independently. Results: Almost 90% of participants self-assessed their level of knowledge on child oral health to be poor or fair (48.6% +40.50%). Although 70% admitted that they would refer their patients to a dentist when they identify an oral or dental problem, only 2.7% considered referral to a specialist paediatric dentist. The most common correctly identified oral condition identified by 85% of the trainees was dental caries. This was followed by dental trauma to the permanent upper central incisors with almost 69%, and gingivitis 67%. More than half of participants were able to provide an appropriate description of the following conditions: dental trauma to the upper left primary central incisor (60.8%), ectodermal dysplasia (54%) and anterior cross bite (51.3%). About one third of respondents (35%) were able to report the correct diagnosis of a dental abscess. Unexpectedly only 5% were able to identify primary herpetic gingivostomatitis. The second least accurate diagnosis was anterior open bite (6.76%) followed by dental erosion (10.8%). None of the participants were able to recognise enamel hypomineralisation. All 74 participants reported that they do provide some preventive oral health care advice for parents/carers to keep their childrens' teeth healthy. Some 97.3% reported that they do deliver some advice with regards to the use of fluoride toothpaste and 67.6% do provide advice about feeding bottles. The majority of trainees were aware of the main risk factors for dental decay in children (98.6%). Additionally,95.9% recognised that a child's first dental check-up should be undertaken as soon as the first tooth appears in the mouth and no later than one-year-old. Some 89.6% reported that it is difficult for their patients to find a dentist and 93.2% were highly motivated to increase their knowledge of children's oral health. They proposed a range of suggestions through which they could receive education on child oral health. Conclusion: Many of the paediatric trainees working in Yorkshire and The Humber region have no or very limited knowledge on child oral health and common oral conditions. They are providing children's parents/carers with preventive oral health care advice. However, some of this advice differs from the up-to-date guidance. Almost all paediatric trainees working in Yorkshire and The Humber region are highly motivated to learn about child oral health and include the significant relevance of such education to their practice to provide the best oral health guidance in children's best interest.