Cosmic rays arriving at Earth collide with the upper parts of the atmosphere, thereby inducing extensive air showers. When secondary particles from the cascade arrive at the ground, they are measured by surface detector arrays. We describe the methods applied to the measurements of the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory to reconstruct events with zenith angles less than 60 using the timing and signal information recorded using the water-Cherenkov detector stations. In addition, we assess the accuracy of these methods in reconstructing the arrival directions of the primary cosmic ray particles and the sizes of the induced showers.
Argentina - Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica
Argentina - Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT)
Argentina - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
Argentina - Gobierno de la Provincia de Mendoza
Argentina - Municipalidad de Malargue
Argentina - NDM Holdings
Argentina - Valle Las Lenas
Australia - Australian Research Council
National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)
Brazil - Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP)
Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)
Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) 2019/10151-2 2010/07359-6 1999/05404-3
Brazil - Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia, Inovacoes e Comunicacoes (MCTIC)
Czech Republic Grant MSMT CR LTT18004 LM2015038 LM2018102 CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001402 CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0016010 CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008422
France - Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
France - Conseil Regional Ile-de-France
France - Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS)
France - Departement Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS)
French National Research Agency (ANR) LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63 ANR11-IDEX-0004-02
Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF)
German Research Foundation (DFG)
Germany - Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg
Germany - Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP)
Germany - Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF)
Germany - Min-isterium fur Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen
Germany - Ministerium fur Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst des Landes Baden-Wurttemberg
Italy - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)
Italy - Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)
Italy - Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR)
Italy - CETEMPS Center of Excellence
Italy - Ministero degli Affari Esteri (MAE)
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) 167733
México - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
México - PAPIIT DGAPA-UNAM
The Netherlands - Ministry of Education, Culture and Science
Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)
The Netherlands - Dutch national e-infrastructure
The Netherlands - SURF Cooperative
Poland - Ministry of Science and Higher Education DIR/WK/2018/11
Poland - National Science Centre 2013/08/M/ST9/00322 2016/23/B/ST9/01635 HARMONIA 52013/10/M/ST9/00062 UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00198
Portugal - Portuguese national funds
Portugal - FEDER funds within Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (COMPETE)
Romania - Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, the Program Nucleu within MCI PN19150201/16N/2019 PN19060102
Romania - Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, the Program Nucleu within PNCDI III PN-III-P11.2-PCCDI-2017-0839/19PCCDI/2018
Slovenian Research Agency - Slovenia P1-0031 P1-0385 I0-0033 N1-0111
Spain - Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad FPA2017-85114-P FPA2017-85197-P
Spain - Xunta de Galicia ED431C 2017/07
Junta de Andalucía SOMM17/6104/UGR
Spain - Feder Funds
Spain - RENATARedNacional Tematica de Astroparticulas FPA2015-68783-REDT
Spain - Maria de MaeztuUnit of Excellence MDM-2016-0692
United States Department of Energy (DOE) DE-AC02-07CH11359 DE-FR02-04ER41300 DEFG02-99ER41107 DE-SC0011689
National Science Foundation (NSF) 0450696
U.S.A. - Grainger Foundation
U.S.A. - Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET
U.S.A. - European Particle Physics Latin American Network
U.S.A. - UNESCO