Peanut Oral Immunotherapy: State of the Art
- Resource Type
- Authors
- Mimi L K, Tang; Adriana C, Lozinsky; Paxton, Loke
- Source
- Immunology and allergy clinics of North America. 40(1)
- Subject
- Risk
Arachis
Desensitization, Immunologic
Administration, Oral
Animals
Humans
Peanut Hypersensitivity
Allergens
Anaphylaxis
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
- Language
- ISSN
- 1557-8607
Cumulative evidence shows that peanut oral immunotherapy (OIT) is effective at inducing desensitization through downregulation of effector pathways in the allergic reaction cascade; however, only a subset of patients achieve sustained unresponsiveness (remission), which requires redirection of the underlying allergic response toward tolerance. A recent meta-analysis of peanut OIT randomized trials found that OIT is associated with a threefold greater risk of anaphylaxis and twofold greater risk of epinephrine use than allergen avoidance. Strategies to reduce adverse events associated with OIT and improve the ability for OIT to induce sustained unresponsiveness are required to improve the benefit-risk of peanut OIT.