The drug discovery and development process (here meaning the pharmaceutical research and development pipeline from concept to beyond the patient) is a long, expensive, and complex process; only a small proportion of molecules that are identified as a candidate drug are approved as new drugs each year. It has been estimated that it costs approximately US$2.6 billion to develop a new treatment. In addition to creating a finished product costing over $1 billion, it can take up to 15 years. The production of novel drugs that are approved by the FDA has not increased despite improving technologies and greater knowledge and understanding. Additionally, the cost of research and development continues to increase. Considering the long timelines, the increasing cost and complexity of the drug discovery process, efforts to aid in reducing these concerns are of interest. Having said this, new drug modalities have been explored beyond small molecules which can result in new methods of treatment, patient stratification has potential to speed discovery as well as more focused development. In combination with experimental methodologies, artificial intelligence is hoped to improve the drug discovery process. Artificial intelligence can help beyond areas of research and develop, such as in finance but these areas are beyond the scope of this book.