The ability to anticipate marine habitat responses to climate variability has high socioeconomic value. Here we quantify interannual-to-decadal predictability of habitat shifts by combining trait-based aerobic habitat constraints with a suite of initialized retrospective Earth System Model forecasts, for diverse marine species in the North American Large Marine Ecosystems. We find that aerobic habitat viability, defined by joint constraints of temperature and oxygen on organismal energy balance, is potentially predictable in the upper-600 m of the ocean, showing a substantial improvement over a simple persistence forecast. The skillful multiyear predictability is dominated in most regions by the oxygen component, yielding habitat predictions with longer lead time than previously estimated based on temperature alone. Notable predictability differences exist among species differing in temperature sensitivity of hypoxia vulnerability, especially along the northeast coast. This tool will be critical in predicting marine habitat shifts in face of a changing climate.