To explore the influencing factors of Chinese elderly health literacy (HL) by using meta-analysis method and to provide reference for the development of elderly HL intervention strategies. CNKI, CBMdisc, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Springer Link, Cochrane Library, Wiley Online Library, Elsevier Science Direct, and EBSCO databases were used to search for published HL research. The search time limit was from the establishment of the database to the end of February 2021. A total of 31 studies were included. The HL level of the elderly was 12.28% (95% CI, 10.70%–13.95%), with three dimensions: knowledge (20.35%, 95% CI, 17.91–22.90%), behavior (14.69%, 95% CI, 12.37–17.18%) and skills (17.82%, 95% CI, 16.29–19.41%). Regression analysis found that general physical condition (OR 1.38, 95% CI, 1.11–1.71), with or without spouse (OR 1.38, 95% CI, 1.13–1.70), population distribution (OR 1.72, 95% CI, 1.49–1.99), and place of residence (OR 2.51, 95% CI, 2.14–2.94) were the main influencing factors of low HL levels in the elderly in China. Chinese elderly people who generally have low HL levels tend to live in rural areas, non-eastern regions, have poor general health, and no spouse, and targeted measures will help to improve HL levels in Chinese elderly people.