The intangible cultural heritage in Shaanxi, which reflects the life and culture of the people in Shaanxi, contains rich cultural connotations with Shaanxi characteristics. Therefore, the translation of Shaanxi intangible cultural heritage (Shaanxi ICH) plays a significant role in the spread of Chinese culture. Translation is seen as a communication activity among different cultures, and the quality of translation has a great influence on communication effect. The optimal relevance between the original text and target readers’ cognitive context, as the core of relevance theory, can be used as a standard to criticize translation. Based on these understandings, this study applies optimal relevance to the translation of Shaanxi ICH in order to explore its translation and propose several Shaanxi ICH translation strategies that achieve optimal relevance and effective communication, so as to improve the spread of Shaanxi ICH to the outside world.