Cannabis is a natural product that, when used chronically, has been associated with the development of cannabis use disorder. This disorder, as described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) of the American Psychiatric Association (2013. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edn. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC), is clinically characterized by the inability to stop using cannabis despite psychosocial/medical problems, the presence of craving, the need to use larger amounts to obtain the same effect (tolerance), and/or the onset of symptoms when its use is stopped (withdrawal). The current increase in the frequency of cannabis use, the availability and use of cannabis products with high concentration of the psychoactive ingredient tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and the presence in the markets of highly potent synthetic cannabinoids may result in an increased risk of CUD. Recent studies have provided a wealth of information about the endocannabinoid system, the effects of cannabinoids, and the brain mechanisms of CUD. These new discoveries are allowing the identification of novel pharmacological targets and medications that may affect the endocannabinoid system and may be useful for the treatment of CUD and other medical conditions. The purpose of this book is to provide an overview of the epidemiology, neurobiological basis, developmental aspects, and clinical characteristics of CUD, including its pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic approaches.