EFSA has granted (GP/EFSA/ENCO/2020/02) a project called “Preparatory work on how to report, use and interpret historical control data in (eco)toxicity studies” with the aim to collate all relevant information from public literature, as well as stakeholders experience, knowledge and understanding of the use and interpretation of historical control data (HCD) when evaluating toxicity studies. One of the activities in the project concerned the organisation of an international workshop, involving all relevant stakeholders. The workshop has been organised by the beneficiaries of the project, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES) and Benaki Phytopathological Institute (BPI) from May 3-5 2022, as a virtual event. The workshop was addressed to all stakeholders with expertise in the area of conduction and interpretation of toxicity studies on mammals and/or expertise in human risk assessment. The use of HCD in context of ecotoxicity studies (other than conducted on mammals) was subject to limited discussions, but it was agreed that general principles are the same as for toxicity studies; the only difference is in the potential interpretation of results. The intense discussion during the workshop revealed the need for a clear set of criteria to be fulfilled before HCD can be taken into account, for high level of granularity in the presentation of HCD to understand potential differences between control populations and for close exchange between different domains (statistics, toxicology) before appropriate analysis is applied. In order to harmonise the use, reporting and interpretation of HCD within and between national regulatory bodies and European Agencies (EFSA, ECHA), the establishment of a set of relevant criteria/guidance was recommended.