Apolipoprotein E ε4 Genotype Is Associated with Elevated Psychiatric Distress in Veterans with a History of Mild to Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury
- Resource Type
- Authors
- Merritt, Victoria C; Clark, Alexandra L; Sorg, Scott F; Evangelista, Nicole D; Werhane, Madeleine; Bondi, Mark W; Schiehser, Dawn M; Delano-Wood, Lisa
- Source
- Journal of neurotrauma, vol 35, iss 19
- Subject
- Adult
Male
Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects
Genotype
Apolipoprotein E4
Clinical Sciences
APOE gene
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
psychiatric distress
Young Adult
Apolipoproteins E
Clinical Research
Behavioral and Social Science
Genetics
Humans
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
genetics
Brain Concussion
military veterans
Traumatic Head and Spine Injury
Veterans
Neurology & Neurosurgery
Post-Concussion Syndrome
traumatic brain injury
Neurosciences
Middle Aged
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
United States
Brain Disorders
Mental Health
Good Health and Well Being
Female
Mental health
- Language
As few studies have examined the relationship between the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene and clinical outcomes after military-related traumatic brain injury (TBI), we aimed to determine whether the ε4 allele of the APOE gene influences neuropsychiatric symptoms in veterans with a history of mild-to-moderate TBI. Participants included 133 veterans (TBI = 79; military controls [MC] = 54) who underwent APOE genotyping and were divided into ε4+ (TBI = 18; MC = 15) and ε4- (TBI = 61; MC = 39) groups. All participants underwent evaluation of psychological distress using the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and PTSD Checklist-Military Version. Two-way analyses of variance were conducted to examine the effect of group (TBI vs. MC) and APOE-ε4 status (ε4+ vs. ε4-) across symptom measures. There was a significant main effect of group across all symptom measures (TBI > MC; all p values