Electrochemical Detection and Quantification of Lithium Ions in Authentic Human Saliva Using LiMn2O4-Modified Electrodes
- Resource Type
- Authors
- Philip J. Cowen; Nigel Anthony Caiger; Alex L. Suherman; Richard G. Compton; Philip Nicholas; Beata R. Godlewska; Shaun Lawrence Herlihy; Bertold Rasche
- Source
- ACS Sensors. 4:2497-2506
- Subject
- Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes
Saliva
Materials science
Process Chemistry and Technology
010401 analytical chemistry
Inorganic chemistry
chemistry.chemical_element
Bioengineering
02 engineering and technology
Electrochemical detection
Glassy carbon
021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology
01 natural sciences
0104 chemical sciences
Ion
Electrochemical gas sensor
chemistry
Electrode
Linear sweep voltammetry
Lithium
0210 nano-technology
Instrumentation
- Language
- ISSN
- 2379-3694
We report an electrochemical sensor for the detection of lithium ions (Li+) in authentic human saliva at lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4)-modified glassy carbon electrodes (LMO-GCE) and screen-printed electrodes (LMO-SPE). The sensing strategy is based on an initial galvanostatic delithiation of LMO followed by linear stripping voltammetry (LSV) to detect Li+ in the analyte. The process was investigated using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and voltammetry. LSV measurements reveal a measurable lower limit of 50.0 µM in both LiClO4 aqueous solutions and synthetic saliva samples, demonstrating the applicability of the proposed analytical method down to low Li+ concentrations. Four different samples of authentic human saliva were then analysed with the established sensing strategy using LMO-SPE, showing good linearity over a concentration range up to 5.0 mM Li+ with high reproducibility (RSD