Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a rare but serious clinical syndrome characterized by shock and multi-organ failure. The condition is mediated by toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria which act as immunological superantigens. Superantigens non-specifically cross-link MHC molecules on antigen presenting cells with T cell receptors, driving polyclonal T cell expansion. The resultant inflammatory cytokine storm increases capillary permeability, resulting in organ dysfunction. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria such as hypotension, rash, desquamation, and fever. The treatment of TSS usually requires admission to a high dependency unit for management of septic shock and its complications, antibiotic therapy, and source control.