Supplementary analyses. In addition to the network-level (H 2 ' ) and species-level (d i ' ) specificity indices, we used four other quantitative metrics (Table S1) to test whether the structural specificity of tick-host communities in Panama is significantly higher than predicted by null models I and II. Figure S1. Estimates of generality, vulnerability, interaction evenness and modularity (black dots) of tick-host interaction networks were significantly different from those predicted by null model I (grey boxplots) and null model II (dashed boxplots) at each spatial scale Table S1. Summary of the network metrics considered in this study Table S2. Network properties of tick-host associations after network rarefaction of the large and intermediate scales. (DOCX 36 kb)