The present study aimed to investigate whether the serum biomarkers of immune response orchestrate the seroconversion status in patients with autoimmune diseases (AID) upon planned primary 17DD-YF vaccination. For this purpose a total of 161 individuals were enrolled in a prospective study, including patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA=38), spondyloarthritis (SpA=51), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE=21) and Sjögren’s syndrome (SS=30) along with a group of healthy controls (HC=21). Analysis of PRNT titers, seropositivity rates along with the 17DD-YF viremia and serum biomarker was carried out at distinct time-points (D0/D3-4/D5-6/D7/D14-28). The results demonstrated an overall lower PRNT titers and seropositivity rate (170 vs. 448; 77% vs .95%) in AID as compared to HC, especially in SpA and SLE subgroups. No significant differences were observed in the viremia levels amongst groups. In general, a more prominent serum biomarker response was observed in AID as compared to HC, throughout the timeline kinetics. Remarkably, AID/PRNT(-) exhibited higher levels of several biomarkers at baseline as compared to AID/PRNT+. Moreover, while AID/PRNT(+) exhibited earlier increase in serum biomarkers at D3-4/D5-6, the AID/PRNT(-) displayed higher response at later time-points (D7/D14-D28). Of note, a synchronic increase of IFN-g at the peak of viremia (D5-6) was observed in HC and AID/PRNT(+) groups, whereas a later asynchronous IFN-g response was reported for AID/PRNT(-) at D7. The biomarker profile tends to deflate at post-vaccination timeline, highlighting a putative immunomodulatory effect of live attenuated 17DD-YF vaccine in AID/PRNT(+), but not in AID/PRNT(-). Altogether these data suggested that inflammatory status prior vaccination, low INF-g at viremia peak and the occurrence of asynchronous biomarker storm after 17DD-YF vaccination may orchestrate the lack of antibody response.