The monograph examines the aspects of interaction in the "society — nature" system in the process of anthropogenesis, its current state in the conditions of global anthropogenic transformation of the biosphere and the consequences for the human population. The theoretical foundations and practical approaches to solving the problem of preserving health in conditions of chemical pollution of the environment are presented; methodological approaches and methodological techniques for conducting medical and environmental monitoring at various levels (regional, sub-regional, local) to solve various tasks to assess the impact of the anthropogenically transformed environment and certain technogenic factors on human health. The results of their testing on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula are presented. The problems hindering the introduction of environmental regulation of anthropogenic impact and the development of regional environmental standards taking into account the impact on human health are identified. For a wide range of readers interested in environmental medicine. It can be useful for students, postgraduates and teachers of medical universities.