RESUMEN Antecedentes: El suelo donde se cultiva el café generalmente tiene un pH ácido y una baja disponibilidad de nutrientes entre ellos el fósforo, por lo que los productores recurren a la aplicación de fertilizantes principalmente fosfatados. Sin embargo, la aplicación excesiva de estos agroquímicos puede conducir a pérdida de la fertilidad del suelo ya que ocasionan perturbación en la diversidad microbiana y en sus actividades metabólicas asociadas. En este contexto, los hongos solubilizadores de fósforo cobran relevancia. Este grupo de hongos mediante procesos de acidificación, quelación, reacciones de intercambio y producción de ácidos orgánicos favorecen la disponibilidad de las fracciones de fósforo en el suelo. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la capacidad fosfato solubilizadora de calcio de hongos aislados de la rizosfera de plantas de café Coffea arabica var. Costa Rica provenientes de Jilotepec, Veracruz. Método: Para ello, se aislaron y seleccionaron cepas con capacidad fosfato solubilizadora, se analizó la eficiencia relativa de solubilización y a las cepas con mayores índices se les cuantificó el contenido de fósforo solubilizado en medio de cultivo líquido. Además, se midió el pH y el porcentaje de acidez de cada uno de los extractos para relacionarlo con la solubilización. Resultados y discusión: En total se aislaron 225 cepas de hongos nativos de suelos cafetaleros, entre los que destacan los géneros Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Cladosporium y Trichoderma. Del total de cepas aisladas, el 70% de ellas presentaron actividad fosfato solubilizadora. En la evaluación cualitativa, las cepas de Penicillium RA5 y RA7 presentaron los mayores índices de eficiencia de solubilización y en la evaluación cuantitativa la cepa de Penicillium RA14 presentó el mayor contenido de fósforo soluble en el medio líquido. Con la realización de este trabajo se pretende promover el uso de los hongos solubilizadores de fósforo nativos de cafetales para la creación de Bionoculantes. ABSTRACT Background: The soil where coffee is grown generally has an acid pH and a low availability of nutrients, including phosphorus, because of these producers apply phosphate fertilizers mainly. However, the excessive application of these agrochemicals can lead to loss of soil fertility since they cause disturbance in the microbial diversity and in its associated metabolic activities. In this context, phosphorus solubilizing fungi become relevant. This group of fungi stimulate the availability of phosphorus fractions in the soil through processes of acidification, chelation, exchange reactions and production of organic acids. Objective: The aim of this work was to evaluate the calcium phosphate solubilizing capacity of fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of coffee plants Coffea arabica var. Costa Rica from Jilotepec, Veracruz. Methods: To achieve it, strains with phosphate solubilizing capacity were isolated and selected, the relative solubilization efficiency was analyzed and the strains with the highest rates were quantified for the content of solubilized phosphorus in liquid culture medium. In addition, the pH and the percentage of acidity of each one of the extracts were measured to relate it to solubilization. Results and discussion: In total, 225 strains of native fungi from coffee soils were isolated, among them genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Cladosporium and Trichoderma were highlighted. The 70% of the total isolated strains presented phosphate solubilizing activity. In the qualitative evaluation, the Penicillium RA5 and RA7 strains presented the highest rates of solubilization efficiency and in the quantitative evaluation, the Penicillium RA14 strain presented the highest content of soluble phosphorus in the liquid medium. Overall results of this work will be the base to promote the use of native phosphorus-solubilizing fungi from coffee plantations for the creation of bioinoculants.
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