As one of the leading causes of death, humans have spent decades exploring how to cure or treat cancer. Besides the traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, cancer immunotherapy is becoming a practical therapeutic approach by boosting the host immune system to fight cancer. With a deep exploration of tumors, the roles of tumor microenvironment (TME) have been gradually clarified in cancer immunotherapy. Especially, booming studies reveal that TME can be either hot or cold according to the infiltration of immune cells, such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and T cells. Furthermore, hot TME is always associated with a promising prognosis, prolonged survival period, and increased therapeutic effects of immunotherapy compared to cold TME. Therefore, regulating the TME, especially converting the cold TME to the hot TME, becomes a promising approach for cancer treatment, particularly cancer immunotherapy. With the development of nanotechnology, various nanoparticles have been applied in the medicine area, due to the increased surface energy, abundant reactive points, and tailored physicochemical properties. In this thesis, several smart nanoparticle-based platforms, such as hybrid lipid-based cancer vaccines and TME-responsive nanoparticles were prepared with narrow size distribution and a hydrodynamic diameter size (