Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:56:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao- Camila Correia Mestrinho.pdf: 2266896 bytes, checksum: 7e3d43ce7458508b9d3dabf8be8940bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-14 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient??fico e Tecnol??gico ???With the advance of the technology in agriculture, diverse substances have been used for the control of pests. As the fungicides to the copper base (metal heavy), these if accumulate in the environment compromising the activity of the organisms, over all the earthworms, essentials to the maintenance of the chemical and biological processes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the fungicide cooper oxychloride on earthworms considering parameters mortality and rejection to the contaminate the soil. Two species, Eisenia fetida (standard test species) and Pontoscolex corethrurus (Amazonian native species) have been selected as indicators of soil contamination of. E. fetida created in laboratory, from samples acquired in Manaus and, P. corethrurus collected in ground natural. For exposition to the contaminante two types of soil had been used, Gleissolo and Argissolo. The tested substance contained 588 g/kg of the active ingredient cooper oxychloride -35% of metallic copper. The methodology for determination of the acute toxicity and the effect on the behavior of rejection was based on OECD and ISO international protocols. The toxicity tests consisted on a contaminated soil with increased concentrations of cooper oxychloride. The acute toxicity was evaluated by the medium lethal concentration (CL50) using a Probit analysis, followed by the generation of the dose-response curve. Differences between the control and treatments had been evaluated through the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and for comparison of averages used the Dunnett test was used with a 5% of significance. For the data of rejection to the substratum the t-Student test for comparison of the averages of the number of individuals between the contaminated sections and control. The esteem value of the CL50 after 14 days of exposition in the contaminated Gleissolo for E. fetida, was of 1162.3 mg Cu/kg (IC 95% of 975-1385.2), showing low lethality for this species. However, the native showed to greater sensitivity to copper, being the estimated value of CL50: 154.6 mg Cu/kg (58.9-405.7). In contrast to E. fetida the reduction of biomass in P. corethrurus was not significant in the Gleissolo acute test. However, for the Argissolo test it was observed a significant reduction for the concentration of 56. Due to the great variability of response for P. corethrurus in Argissolo, the data had not been adjusted in a typical dose-response curve, however the estimated CL50 in 84.3 mg Cu/kg (35-202.8). The rejection for the contaminated Gleissolo was observed for both the species, being that P. corethrurus showed to greater sensitivity to the copper that E. fetida with significant results at 14 and 28mg Cu/kg, respectively, and in Argissolo the responses of P. corethurus did not show a significant correlation for the increase of concentrations. The rejection tests had shown that, for low concentrations of the fungicide, the earthworms had prevented contaminated ground, confirming the high sensitivity of these organisms in detecting a decrease of concentrations in the ground. In Argissolo the responses of rejection of P. corethurus had not been significant according to the increase of concentrations of cooper. For a further evaluation of the risks of pesticides for tropical soils toxicity assays must be also carried out with a native species in order to verify its sensitivity in relation to the standard test species. ???Com o avan??o da tecnologia na agricultura, diversas subst??ncias t??m sido utilizadas para o controle de pragas. Como os fungicidas ?? base de cobre (metal pesado), estes se acumulam no ambiente comprometendo a atividade dos organismos, sobretudo as minhocas, essenciais ?? manuten????o dos processos qu??micos e biol??gicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do fungicida oxicloreto de cobre em minhocas considerando caracter??sticas de mortalidade e rejei????o ao solo contaminado. Foram selecionadas duas esp??cies, Eisenia fetida (esp??cie-teste padr??o) e Pontoscolex corethrurus (esp??cie nativa) como indicadores de contamina????o do solo. E. fetida criadas em laborat??rio, a partir de amostras adquiridas em Manaus e, P.corethrurus coletadas em solo natural. Para exposi????o ao contaminante foram usados dois tipos de solo, Gleissolo e Argissolo. A subst??ncia teste usada foi um fungicida c??prico, que cont??m 588 g/kg do ingrediente ativo oxicloreto de cobre (35% de cobre met??lico). A metodologia para determina????o da toxicidade aguda e do efeito comportamental de rejei????o ao substrato contaminado baseou-se em protocolos internacionais OECD e ISO. Os testes de toxicidade consistiram na exposi????o das minhocas em solo contaminado em concentra????es crescentes com oxicloreto de cobre. A toxicidade aguda foi avaliada pela estimativa da concentra????o letal mediana (CL50) utilizando an??lise de Probit, seguido da gera????o da curva dose resposta. Diferen??as entre o controle e tratamentos avaliadas atrav??s da an??lise de vari??ncia (ANOVA) e para compara????o de m??dias utilizado o teste de Dunnett, a 5 % de signific??ncia. Para os dados de rejei????o utilizou-se o Teste t-Student para compara????o das m??dias do n??mero de indiv??duos entre as se????es contaminadas e de controle. O valor estimado da CL50 ap??s 14 dias de exposi????o em Gleissolo para E. fetida, foi de 1162,3 mg Cu/kg (IC 95% de 975-1385,2), mostrando baixa letalidade para esta esp??cie. Entretanto, a nativa mostrou maior sensibilidade ao cobre, estimando a CL50 em 154,6 mg Cu/kg (58,9-405,7). Ao contr??rio de E. fetida a redu????o de biomassa em P. corethrurus, n??o foi significativa em teste agudo em Gleissolo. Entretanto, em Argissolo foi observada redu????o significativa apenas na concentra????o de 56 mg Cu/kg. Devido a grande variabilidade da resposta de cobre para P. corethrurus em Argissolo, os dados n??o foram ajustados em uma t??pica curva dose- resposta, estimando a CL50 em 84,3 mg Cu/kg (35-202,8). A rejei????o ao Gleissolo contaminado foi observada para ambas as esp??cies, sendo que P. corethrurus mostrou maior sensibilidade ao cobre que E. fetida (respostas significativas a 14 e 28mg Cu/kg, respectivamente), e em Argissolo as respostas de rejei????o de P. corethurus n??o foram significantes conforme o aumento de concentra????o. Os testes de rejei????o mostraram que, mesmo em baixas concentra????es do fungicida, as minhocas evitaram solos contaminados, confirmando a sensibilidade destes organismos em detectar baixas concentra????es. Em Argissolo as respostas de rejei????o de P. corethurus n??o foram significantes conforme o aumento de concentra????o. Para avalia????o do risco de pesticidas para solos tropicais, os ensaios de toxicidade devem ser realizados tamb??m com uma esp??cie nativa, para verificar a sensibilidade desta em rela????o ?? esp??cie teste padr??o.