Like other Italian and European University Centers, also in Bologna the clinics of Infectious Diseases proceeded in parallel with the clinic of Pediatrics with both patient assistance and scientific advancements.In the middle of the so-called “short century” (1900) some clinical and laboratory activities carried out in Bologna anticipated multiple advancements in both diagnosis and treatment of several, relevant infectious diseases like tuberculosis, influenza, viral diseases like Sars, and also shed light on some inflammatory biomarkers, which will play a key role also in the field of general internal medicine, like C-reactive protein.