BackgroundThe hematopoietic stem cell transplantation procedure involves the preparation or conditioning phase, hematopoietic stem cell infusion, bone marrow aplasia, and haematopoiesis recovery. In all phases of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the patient must remain with a short or long term central venous catheter, which must prove to be effective and safe for intravenous therapy. The study aim is to assess whether the peripherally inserted central catheter is effective and safe for patients with hematologic neoplasms undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, in comparison with other short or long-term central venous catheters.MethodsThis review will follow the recommendations of the PRISMA for systematic review protocols and the results of the steps will be presented through the flow diagram. The search strategy aims to locate both published and unpublished studies, and the databases to be searched include Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, ProQuest, EPISTEMONIKOS, Scopus, and Virtual Health Library. There will be no restriction on the period of publication, study design, or language. The review will consider studies that include adult and paediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The studies considered for intervention will be those that compared the use of a peripherally inserted central catheter, compared with other central catheters, and that evaluated removal of the catheter by the completion of therapy and catheter days. We will consider experimental and observational studies, published in any language and time period. The studies will be screened and those meeting the inclusion criteria will be retained for assessment of methodology and data extraction by two independent researchers. The data will be presented using a narrative synthesis and the studies pooled with a statistical meta-analysis, where possible.DiscussionThis systematic review will address an important clinical doubt by increasing our understanding of the effectiveness and safety of the peripherally inserted central catheter use for patients with oncohematological diseases undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Systematic review registrationCRD42020206709.