In China, the total amount of energy resources is huge, the types are rich, but the per capita share is small, the resource structure is unreasonable, and the distribution space is uneven. Compared with the global average level, China’s energy mineral resources richness is about 60% higher, which is one of the countries with higher global energy mineral resources richness [1]. However, China’s per capita share of energy resources is very limited, only half of the world level, and the structure of energy resources is unreasonable. The proportion of oil and gas is only 2.3%, far from the world average of 21%. Therefore, carbon capture and storage technology is the most effective way to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emission of coal fired on a large scale, and can reduce the CO2 emission of coal fired by more than 90%. This paper reviews the most promising carbon capture technology of the Oxy-fuel combustion in coal fired boiler.