The increase of dental fluorosis has been observed in fluoridated and non-fluoridated locations, suggesting the fluoride intake by others sources besides water fluoridated. The aim of this study was to investigate the dental fluorosis in children aged 6 to 8 in Fortaleza, Ceará, to identify risk and protection factors for dental fluorosis and to verify the possible associated of fluorosis with socioeconomic status. It was a case-control study realized at the health center Terezinha Parente. A total of 57 controls and 67 cases were examined by the Dean index. Data was obtained by interviewing the parents of the children, based on a structured questionnaire. Analyses of the data occurred at the Epi-Info Windows program by the Fisher test with p