The regeneration of nerve defects and nerve damage is considered as most difficult clinical issue worldwide. Current treatments for regenerating nerves following trauma restrict nerve recovery because of intricate neural structures and some inhibitory factors at the injured site. Researchers have constructed innovative three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds with complicated structures using bioprinting to overcome nerve tissue regeneration difficulties. The therapeutic potential of this method for application to both the central and peripheral nervous systems was assessed. This study provides an overview of recent advancements in 3D bioprinting development and their medicinal potential for the nervous system.