Transition metal oxides are found to have overwhelming applications in energy, electronics, catalytic, and bio- and micromechanical systems. A recent report emphasized the current advancements in molybdenum oxide (MoOx) nanowire synthesis and the corresponding surface-functionalized nanostructured materials based on our previously reported investigations. The preparation of the nanowires and their applications were systematically summarized. MoOxnanowires combined with substrates exhibited remarkable performances for high energy storage and power densities with high stability. In addition, the review concluded the future advancements of MoOxnanowires.