Objective: To investigate the situation of Covid-19 infection and its relationship with depression and anxiety in Chinese society. Methods: The Covid-19 infection questionnaire and the Depression and Anxiety scale were used to investigate 1599 people in two communities in a district of Chongqing, which is a representative city in China. Results: The infection rate of Covid-19 was 93.1%, 91.2% people were infected once, the top five symptoms of infection were cough 70.0%, fever 66.9%, sore throat 50.8%, muscle pain, joint or bone pain 50.0%, headache and dizziness 47.7%, and 85.9% people had two or more symptoms of infection. The top five sequelae symptoms were fatigue 41.8%, concentration and memory loss 30.2%, cough 28.1%, sleep quality loss 23.2% and no sequelae 25.5%, and 52.9% people had two or more sequelae symptoms of infection. People with more sequelae symptoms and more times of infection were more likely to have depression and anxiety (t = 13.186, 2.871, P< 0.01; t = 16.177, 2.262, P< 0.05), people with severe infection were more likely to have depression (t = 2.027, P< 0.05), and people without infection were more likely to have anxiety (t = –2.725, P< 0.01). Conclusion: More than 90% of people have been infected with Covid-19 once; more Covid-19 infection sequelae and infection times will increase the risk of depression and anxiety, higher levels of infection will increase the risk of depression, and non-infection will increase the risk of anxiety. The infection of Covid-19 has strengthened the Chinese people’s anxiety and attention to issues such as infectious virus transmission and health risks, which brings China into the post-infection era; therefore, the following recommendations were made: Strengthen authoritative guidance on prevention and control; Promote the concept of health protection; Strengthening negative emotion guidance by government, media, hospital, and community.