As an important part of an engine, piston is working for a long time in the environment of high temperature, high pressure and pulse-pounding. Its working state and life directly affect the life of the engine. Piston fatigue failure plays an important factor of piston failure. Piston hydro-pulse test machine has important significance for studying the life of piston mechanical fatigue. The paper is about the design and use effect of domestic piston hydro-pulse test machine. Practice shows that the control technology of Piston hydro-pulse test machine, fulfills various indicators of piston fatigue tests, and has important significance for improving domestic piston design, production and usage.