Farmland is an important guarantee for national food security. With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization in China, continuous decrease in arable land and farmland abandonment have become a common phenomenon, which is directly threatening the national food security. This study took the typical rural farmlands around Chengdu as research subjects. Through on-site investigation on farmland abandonment phenomenon in the three representative regions, including Longquanyi District, Chongzhou City and Qionglai City, and questionnaire surveys on rural population information, outflow of rural labors, economic status of rural family, farmland use status and effects of policies, the result shows that the three regions have different levels of farmland abandonment, which is primarily caused by land transfer and inflow of external capitals. This study proposed the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions on the basis of cause analysis.