Gunung (Mount) Talang is an active volcano in West Sumatra that has a number of Nepenthesspecies, including the endemic N. talangensis, but their ecology has been little been studied. This study found five species of Nepenthesgrowing in the protected forest area of Gunung Talang, namely N. bongso, N. inermis, N. pectinata, N. spathulataand N. talangensis. The population of N. talangensisis very small (23 individuals) and it grows sympatrically with N. bongsoand N. inermisforming natural hybrids. Lithocarpus conocarpus, Camellia lanceolata, Syzygium acuminatissimum, Adinandra dumosaand Dehaasiasp. are the five most dominant tree species found in the Nepentheshabitat, while L. conocarpusand Podocarpus neriifoliushad strong positive associations with N. talangensis. Growth rates of the five Nepenthesspecies were not significantly different, neither were foliar nitrogen (mean = 1.14%) or phosphorus concentrations (mean = 0.11%). We suggest that N. talangensisshould be considered as Critically Endangered and outline some possible conservation actions.