This article discusses the immunological effects of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) in allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic asthma (AA) subjects. The study found that AR subjects displayed increased allergen-responsive LAP+ B-regulatory (Breg) cells during AIT, while AA subjects did not show this increase. Additionally, changes in gene expression and Ig-related transcripts were observed in AR subjects but not in AA subjects. These findings suggest that there may be differences in the immunological mechanisms and clinical efficacy of AIT between AR and AA. Further research is needed to understand the consequences of these differences on the outcome of AIT. [Extracted from the article]