• A Mo, V modulated Ni oxide catalyst shows 76 mV at 10 mA/cm2 for hydrogen evolution. • A Fe-MoVNi catalyst needs 374 mV at 100 mA/cm2 for oxygen evolution. • The Fe-MoVNi catalyst shows no decay in 20 h for oxygen evolution at ƞ 100 =374 mV. • The catalysts were prepared by simple hydrothermal method. The highly efficient catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are of great significance for electrochemical water splitting. Direct transforming nickel foam (NF) into nickel-based catalysts attracts extensive attention because of its excellent stability and high conductivity. However, the catalytic performances of this kind of catalyst are still far from expected. Herein, we report a series of Ni oxides co-modulated by Mo, V and M (M =Mn, Fe, Co, Cu) as efficient catalysts for water splitting, which are directly prepared through a simple NF-transformation method. Especially, a MoVNi catalyst displays a low Tafel slope of 68 mV/dec and a small overpotential of 76 mV at 10 mA/cm2 for HER in 1.0 M KOH solution. The OER performances of MoVNi can be greatly enhanced by M introduction. For example, Fe-MoVNi only requires 374 mV to achieve 100 mA/cm2 and shows no declination in a-20 h stability test at 100 mA/cm2 in 1.0 M KOH media. Such performances outperform the recently reported best-performing Ni oxides catalysts in an alkaline environment. The excellent catalytic performances suggest great promise in practical applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]