Dust direct radiative effect (DDRE) can modify the near‐surface air temperature, which can in turn influence dust emission. However, the feedback mechanism of DDRE on dust emission is poorly understood. In this study, the influence of DDRE on dust emission in Taklimakan Desert (TD) was investigated using comprehensive ground‐based observations. The results show that the near‐surface air temperature significantly decreased as a result of DDRE, corresponding to dust emission enhanced. Statistically, the contributions of DDRE to dust emission during light, moderate, and heavy dusty episodes were 5.0% (3.6%), 5.2% (2.8%), and 6.1% (3.3%) in spring (summer), respectively. From the perspective of mechanism, DDRE can induce an increase in air density by cooling the near‐surface, causing an enhancement of aerodynamic drag, promoting dust emission in TD. Such positive feedback of DDRE on dust emission may be a potential contributor to improving the dust emission scheme of numerical modeling in the future. Plain Language Summary: Taklimakan Desert (TD) is a significant dust source in China and East Asia, providing abundant dust aerosols that are suspended in the atmosphere over Tarim Basin. Currently, the feedback mechanism of the radiative effect of suspended dust on dust emission is poorly understood. By combining comprehensive ground‐based observations with reanalysis data, we investigated the influence of dust direct radiative effect (DDRE) on dust emission in TD. Due to the DDRE, the near‐surface air temperature during light, moderate and heavy dust pollution episodes decreased by 7.01 (4.38), 7.28 (3.51), and 8.50 K (4.06 K) in spring (summer), respectively. Such a distinct cooling effect decreased the threshold wind speed, leading to dust emission enhanced in TD. The contributions of DDRE to dust emission were 5.0%–6.1% (2.8%–3.6%) in spring (summer). According to the physical mechanism of sand movement, the near‐surface cooling effect caused by DDER induced an increase in air density, leading to the enhancement of aerodynamic drag, which resulted in more dust particles leaving from the surface. Therefore, DDER is responsible for the promotion of dust emissions in TD. The results are beneficial for improving dust emission schemes in future modeling. Key Points: Dust direct radiative effect (DDRE) and air pressure are presented as quadratic functionsContributions of DDRE to dust emission are 5.0%–6.1% (2.8%–3.6%) in spring (summer)Enhancement of aerodynamic drag is the primary cause of dust emission increased [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]