In addition to Circadian clock associated 1 (CCA1) and Late elongated hypocotyl (LHY), Reveille/LHY-CCA1-LIKE (RVE/LCL) genes are known as clock regulators in plants. So far, the association of RVE expression with anthocyanin accumulation has been reported only in Arabidopsis and pear. In this study, Brassica oleracea RVE5 (BoRVE5) was selected as a candidate gene to develop a PCR marker to predict anthocyanin accumulation under low temperature (LT) condition, based on the observation that the lengths of AT simple sequence repeats in 3′ untranslated region of BoRVE5 tend to inversely correlates with anthocyanin amount. Among BoRVE5 genomic DNA sequences of purple cabbages and green cabbages—both high anthocyanin accumulators (HAAs) and low anthocyanin accumulators (LAAs) of green cabbages under LT condition, sequence polymorphisms changing its amino acid sequence were identified between LAAs and HAAs/purple cabbages. We named the LAA-type gene as BoRVE5a and HAA-type as BoRVE5b, and found their expression levels are associated with anthocyanin accumulation phenotypes. Using these polymorphisms, a molecular marker discriminating LAAs from HAAs and purple cabbages was developed and validated using cabbage lines with diverse phenotypes, including 57 green and 59 purple cabbages. This marker is expected to be even more valuable if used in combination with other markers for anthocyanin phenotypes, such as those developed from BoMYBL2-1 or BoDFR1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]