Aortoesophageal fistula (AEF) is a rare but life‐threatening pathology. We report a case of a primary AEF that was successfully managed with temporary thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) and esophagectomy with video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery. A 73‐year‐old man was transferred to the emergency department with a complaint of hematemesis. A computed tomography scan identified an AEF due to aortic aneurysm. We placed a stent using TEVAR for the purpose of hemodynamic stasis, and the operation was performed 23 h after admission. Right video‐assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy (VATS‐E) was chosen, and a cervical esophagostomy and a feeding gastrostomy tube was constructed. Infection had been effectively controlled postoperatively. Four months after the first operation, we performed esophageal reconstruction. At the 70‐month follow‐up examination, the patient had no signs of mediastinitis. VATS‐E immediately after hemostabilization by TEVAR is useful management for primary AEF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]