The article presents information on Anomochloa marantoidea, one of the world's rarest plants found in the forests of southern Bahia, Brazil. Anomochloa marantoidea is a low-growing, clumped grass with wide, pointed, oval leaf blades about six inches long. Now known to be the most primitive species in the grass family, it holds a special fascination for botanists who study the evolutionary history of grasses. The species, the only one in the genus Anomochloa, was first described scientifically in 1851.