Urine markers of kidney tubule cell injury and kidney function decline in SPRINT trial participants with CKD. Table 2: Association of (A) blood and (B) urine biomarkers of kidney tubule injury and dysfunction with longitudinal relative change in SBP in community-living individuals without diabetes or CKD. Hypertension (HTN) is the leading cause of premature death worldwide, affecting >1 billion people, and is a major risk factor for the onset and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) [[1]]. [Extracted from the article]