ETS delivery and dosing techniques Because ETS contains thousands of chemicals including 43 known carcinogens, modelling animal exposure should encompass smoke exposure of animals with a similar complex composition (Prieux et al., [20]). Keywords: chronic obstructive lung disease and cancer; cigarettes; guidelines; requirements; smoking EN chronic obstructive lung disease and cancer cigarettes guidelines requirements smoking 1537 1541 5 05/11/23 20230615 NES 230615 Abbreviations ALI air-liquid interface COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CSE cigarette smoke extract ETS environmental tobacco smoke INTRODUCTION Smoking costs the global economy more than 1 trillion USD a year and kills annually about 8 million individuals (National Environmental Health Association, [17]; World Health Organization [WHO], [27]). Although some of the BJP recommendations are based on this ETS-induced lung disease, the consequences of ETS on other organ systems should be viewed from the standpoint of inhalational ETS that most closely resembles human exposure. [Extracted from the article]