• Reactivate intrinsic growth programs after injury can promote neurite repair. • Repair of secondary damage upon injury is critical for full functional recovery. • Combination of pro-regeneration factors can enhance neurite repair. Upon receiving injury signals, neurons can activate various pathways to reduce harm, initiate neuroprotection, and repair damaged neurite without cell death. Here, we review recent progresses in the study of neurite repair focusing on neuronal cell-autonomous mechanisms, including new findings on ion channels that serve as key regulators to initiate neurite repair and intrinsic signaling pathways and transcriptional and post-transcriptional factors that facilitate neurite repair. We also touch upon reports on how dendrites may be affected upon axotomy and how the regeneration potential in injured neurites might be maximized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]