In the course of infectious disease outbreaks, barriers to accessing health care can contribute to preventable mortality. According to the Ministry of Health of Haiti (Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population [MSPP]), the 2010 cholera epidemic caused 7,936 deaths from October 2010 to December 2012 in Haiti alone. We seek to quantify the excess mortality attributable to patients not seeking care during the cholera outbreak in the Nord Department in 2010–2012. Using data from a community-based retrospective survey conducted by Doctors Without Borders (Médecins Sans Frontières [MSF]) in Northern Haiti, we used logistic regression to examine the association between healthcare utilization and fatality among household members with watery diarrhea in the Communes of Borgne, Pilate, Plaisance, and Port-Margot in the Nord Department. We found that failing to seek care resulted in a 5-fold increase in the case fatality ratio among infected individuals (26%) versus those who sought care (5%). Common concerns noted for why care was not sought included travel distance to treatment centers, not attributing watery diarrhea episodes to cholera, and being unsure where to seek health care for their watery diarrhea episodes within their Communes. In conclusion, addressing transportation and information needs could increase healthcare utilization and reduce lives lost during an outbreak. Author summary: The cholera epidemic in Haiti was unprecedented. One month after the first case was confirmed, the Haitian government quickly activated a national cholera surveillance system (NCSS) to gather relevant epidemiologic information on the disease to inform interventions. Although oral cholera vaccine (OCV) was not available in all administrative departments during the first two years of the epidemic, care seeking for watery diarrhea was increasing throughout the country. However, certain deficiencies relating to determinants of health have prevented many from seeking care in hospitals and clinics, or in numerous cholera treatment centers (CTC) and oral rehydration points (ORP) established in every administrative department in the country. To estimate the effects of those determinants of health and health behaviors on cholera fatality in the Nord Department, we used data from a retrospective survey conducted in the Communes of Borgne, Pilate, Plaisance and Port-Margot by Doctors Without Borders (Médecins sans Frontières, MSF) in 2011. We found that failing to seek care was associated with death, and that common reasons for not seeking care included concerns about travel distance to CTCs and uncertainty about where to seek health care in those Communes for watery diarrhea symptoms. Establishing CTCs and ORPs within rural communities located in mountainous areas with lack of road accessibility could have reduced the excess mortality attributable to not seeking healthcare. In addition, although the Haitian government and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the country free of cholera in 2020, risk factors associated with the rapid spread of the infection in 2010 have ongoing relevance to population health and vulnerability to future outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]