It was also dramatically lower than the 23.39% post-injection survival obtained in I An. gambiae i (Grossman I et al i ., 2001), 21.05% in I An. albimanus i (Perera I et al i ., 2002), 36.79% in I An. stephensi i (Nolan I et al i ., 2002), and 20.55% in I Ae. aegypti i (Kokoza I et al i ., 2001). To establish I piggyBac i -based germline transgenesis in I An. sinensis i , the pBac[3 × P3-EGFPafm] vector and helper plasmid phspBac were microinjected as a mixture into I An. sinensis i eggs (the detailed experimental procedure can be found in the Supplementary Materials and Methods). Recent vector control strategies based on population modification of I Anopheles i vectors, such as the genetics-based sterile insect technique and population-replacement techniques, have shown great prospects in malaria eradication (Handler, 2016; Carballar-Lejarazú & James, 2017). Dear Editor, I Anopheles sinensis i is the primary vector of vivax malaria in China. [Extracted from the article]