This study was designed to explore status and the relationship between organizational socialization and job success of librarians in academic and public libraries. First, 259 librarians of academic and public libraries were selected as the sample. In order to gather data, Chao and Herzberg's questionnaire in 5-point Likert scale was used. The socialization of librarians was in a favorable status (mean ± SD: 4.18 ± 0.48). The correlation between the socialization of both public and academic librarians with job success was significant (p-value = 0.038 and 0.004, respectively). It is better for managers and decision makers to take appropriate activities to further improve the socialization of librarians and, consequently, increase their career success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]