This study investigated the nano-metals (Cu, Ni, Co or Fe) and carbon composite catalysts for electro-oxidation of ethylene glycol (EG) both in acidic and basic medium. The physical surface area varied between 379 and 615 m2 g−1, while the electrochemical surface area was in the range of 20.8–44.3 m2 g−1. The average metal size ranged from 7.8 to 16.3 nm confirming the nano-metal structure. The work function values of different electrocatalysts were between 4.21 and 4.56 eV. The highest current density of 11 mA cm−2 was observed for 20Ni-AC in basic medium at 1 V in presence of EG, followed by that of 20Cu-AC (6.9 mA cm−2), 20Co-AC (6.6 mA cm−2) and 20Fe-AC (5.9 mA cm−2). The current density of the composite catalysts was much enhanced compared to individual components. The performance was directly related to the electrochemical surface area of the catalysts as well as work function values, and ability to form higher oxidation states of the catalysts. Time constants (τ1, τ2) obtained from EIS analysis revealed that the electrochemical process was the slower step in both acidic and basic mediums. The 20Ni-AC showed structural stability as anode electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]