Before the advent of targeted therapies, the conventional treatment for R/R FLT3 SP mut+ sp AML was initial induction with salvage chemotherapy (SC) followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), if eligible [[3]]. However, patients with R/R FLT3 SP mut+ sp AML receiving SC typically experienced poor clinical outcomes, including low response rates and short overall survival (OS; median: 2-6 months) [[1], [5], [7]]. SC (LDAC) in adult patients with AML; this study reported a NNT of 4 for 1-year OS in patients ineligible for intensive chemotherapy [[11]], similar to the NNT of 5 reported here for gilteritinib. Approximately 30% of patients newly diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 mutations (FLT3 SP mut+ sp ), conferring a negative effect on prognosis with a high likelihood of relapsing or refractory (R/R) disease [[1]]. [Extracted from the article]