This is the first case of a patient with a histological diagnosis of RPF achieving complete remission of the disease after eradication of H. pylori infection. Lumbosacral spine magnetic resonance imaging showed periaortic tissue of uncertain significance at the L3 level, and computed tomography (CT) showed hypodense tissue surrounding the subrenal aorta for 8 cm. To rule out a malignant aetiology, endoscopic evaluation was performed. Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF), a rare disease characterized by fibroinflammatory tissue around the infrarenal portion of the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries, is classified into primary (or idiopathic) and secondary forms ([1]). [Extracted from the article]