Objective: The incidence of adrenal crisis (AC) remains high, particularl y for people with primary adrenal insufficiency, despite the introduction of behavioural interventions. The present study aimed to identify and evaluate available evidence of interventions aiming to prevent AC in primary adren al insufficiency. Design: This study is a systematic review of the literature and theoretical mapping. Methods: MEDLINE, MEDLINE in Process, EMBASE, ERIC, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, PsycINFO, the Health Management Information Consortium and trial registries were searched from inception to November 2021. Three reviewers independently selected studies and extracted data. Two reviewers appraised the studies for the risk of bias. Results: Seven observational or mixed methods studies were identified wh ere interventions were designed to prevent AC in adrenal insufficiency. Patient education was the focus of a ll interventions and utilised the same two behaviour change techniques, 'instruction on how to perform a behaviour' and 'pharmacological support'. Barrier and facilitator themes aiding or hindering the intervention included knowledge, behaviour, emotions, skills, social influences and environmental context and resources. Most studies did not measu re effectiveness, and assessment of knowledge varied across studies. The study quality was moderate. Conclusion: This is an emerging field with limited studies available. Furth er research is required in relation to the development and assessment of different behaviour change interve ntions to prevent AC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]