The freshwater crab genus Afrithelphusa Bott, 1969, is endemic to Sierra Leone and Guinea and comprises four species: A. afzelii Colosi, 1924, A. gerhildae Bott, 1969, A. leonensis (Cumberlidge, 1987), and A. monodosa (Bott, 1959). Afrithelphusa taxonomy is reviewed based on type material and newly obtained undescribed specimens. The species are redescribed, based on new morphological and genetic data, their amended diagnostic features are provided, and the generic diagnosis is updated. An identification key is provided to distinguish between the four Afrithelphusa species, and a tree of phylogenetic relationships based on two mtDNA loci (COI and 16S RNA) is provided, which supports the continued recognition of this genus and its assigned species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]